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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of vocal cord reconstruction with sternohyoid muscle flap pedicled with vertical anterior laryngectomy. MethodThe clinical data of 43 cases of laryngeal carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. According to whether the vocal cords were reconstructed, they were divided into vocal cord reconstruction group and non reconstruction group. Among them, 20 patients in the reconstruction group were reconstructed with pedicled sternohyoid muscle flap and 23 patients in non-reconstruction group. In the non reconstruction group, the external membrane of thyroid cartilage was used to repair the wounds. Postoperative respiratory function, swallowing function, pronunciation function, postoperative prognosis, complications, and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Reconstruction of glottis after vocal cord reconstruction was evaluated by electronic laryngoscope and CT scan. Result①Patients in both groups survived during the follow-up period. One patient in the non-reconstructedar, and the glottic morphology in the non-reconstructed group was approximately circular. ConclusionAfter vocal cord reconstruction, there were increased rate of tracheal cannula extubation, well covered wallowing and phonation function, and the quality of life of patients was improved.ObjectiveTo analyses the value of an improved methods of Muller’s test, pharyngeal airway pressure monitoring test（PAPMT）, in topodiagnosis of OSA. MethodOne hundred and one cases with OSA（AHI≥5 times per hour） and 30 normal adults were included in the study. Under the pressure monitoring, the electronic laryngoscope were stayed at the palatopharyngeal and glossopharyngeum. First, observe the maximum expiratory pressure and the minimum spiratory pressure. And then measure and record changes of pharynx cross-sectional area at palatopharyngeal and glossopharyngeum under the different pressure. At Last, analyses the correlation between changes of Pharynx cross-sectional area with polysomnography（PSG）. Result①In 101 cases with OSA, the maximal inspiratory pressure of Müller’s manerver distribution is between 1 and 8 kPa. ②The changes of pharynx cross-sectional area of OSA at palatopharyngeal and glossopharyngeum is significantly greater than the control group, and there were obvious differences between OSA and theased rates of apnea and hypopnea index and the suction pressure（P less then 0.05）. Conclusion①PAPMT is able to measure and calculate the changes of pharynx cross-sectional area, determine the site of obstruction, and help the treatment. ②The primary site of obstruction is at velopharyngeal in OSA group. ③The changes of pharynx cross-sectional area at palatopharyngeal and glossopharyngeum of patients can reflects the severity of the OSA.The Chinese guideline on sublingual immunotherapy（SLIT） for allergic rhinitis and asthma（English edition） has been developed by a panel of experts on behalf of the Chinese Society of Allergy, and published in December 2019. The guideline is herein organized to outline the critical items, including the epidemiology of allergic rhinitis and asthma, clinical application and mechanisms of SLIT, standardized procedure, indications and contraindications, therapeutic process, and future perspective, to guide and improve the clinical practice of SLIT.Chronic rhinosinusitis （CRS） is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with an as-yet-undefined etiology. In contrast to the phenotypic classification of chronic rhinosinusitis, endotype classification is based on its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Endotypes of CRS can provide information on the risk of disease progression, recurrence and comorbidities, as well as identify appropriate therapeutic targets to further guide the precise treatment of CRS. This article classifies the endotypes of CRS based on cytokines, cell composition, IgE and CysLT, and outlines the clinical application of several targeted therapeutic biologics.Tracheotomy is a routine operation in otolaryngology head and neck surgery, and its clinical application is very extensive. However, in the actual clinical work, there are always various reasons leading to tracheotomy difficulties, endangering the lives of patients. At present, there is no uniform standard for the evaluation of difficult tracheotomy, and its treatment skills are also confused. This article reviews the related factors of difficult tracheotomy in clinic, and puts forward the corresponding management skills.We described a 56-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital due to no sweat on the right side of face for 4 years, and paraesthesia pharynges for 1 month. The physical examination was carried out. And the horizontal local uplift on right lateral wall of pharynx was found with café-au-lait spot scattered all over the right arm. MRI showed a rounded mass on the right parapharyngeal space with clear boundary. Later the tumor was removed by a transoral route with the assist of endoscope. The patient was eventually diagnosed with neurofibromatosis 1 and did not relapse after follow-up.ObjectiveTo study the carotid intima-media thickness （IMT） level of OSA patients of different severity, the proportion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood and the mRNA level of nuclear transfer factor RORγt, and to explore the relationship between Th17 cells and atherosclerosis in OSA patients. Y-27632 in vivo MethodSixty-two patients who underwent respiratory and sleep monitoring were selected and divided into three groups according to the AHI index 15 patients in the normal control group（AHI less then 5）, there were 22 cases in the mild group（AHI 5-15） and 25 cases in the moderate and severe group（AHI≥15）. Carotid intima-media thickness（IMT） was measured in all subjects, the ratio of Th17 cells in peripheral blood monouelear cells（PBMC） were analysed by flow cytometry. The expression of RORγt mRNA were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. ResultThe carotid IMT of patients in the normal control group, the mild OSA group and the moderate to severe OSA group were （0.74±0.21） mm, （1.09±0.23） mm and （1.60±0.30） mm, respectively.