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Further prospective studies are needed to probe the relationships between the recommended dietary GA intake and toddlers.

Dietary GA intake but not serum GA concentration is associated with neurodevelopment. Further prospective studies are needed to probe the relationships between the recommended dietary GA intake and toddlers.

To improve the iron status of school children through noon meals prepared using a multiple micronutrient-fortified salt.

Children from a randomly selected school who consumed (intervention) and did not consume (reference) a noon meal prepared using a multiple micronutrient- fortified salt were studied over 1 year. A pre-post-test design for children aged 5-17years in reference (n=100) and intervention (n=128) groups was used. Levels of serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), alpha glycoprotein (AGP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed at baseline and at 1 year. In a subsample, urinary iodine was assessed.

sTfR decreased in the intervention group (-0.80 mg/L) but increased in the reference group (0.47 mg/L) at 1 year (p=0.0001).Body iron stores (BIS) increased in the intervention group (0.09 mg/kg body weight) and decreased (-0.58 mg/kg body weight) in the reference group at 1 year (p=0.028).These findings indicate an increase in iron deficiency in the reference group and a decrease in the intervention group. However, no changes in serum ferritin and urinary iodine were observed in either group or between groups.

Iron status can be improved in schoolchildren in Tamil Nadu by increasing the amount of micronutrients in the fortified salt used for preparing noon-time school meals.

Iron status can be improved in schoolchildren in Tamil Nadu by increasing the amount of micronutrients in the fortified salt used for preparing noon-time school meals.

Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cell differentiation and is essential for child growth. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) contributes significantly to mortality and morbidity in developing countries. This study assessed the current vitamin A status in Chinese children.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 26 provinces in China between 2015 and 2018, and 277,064 children aged 0-14 years were enrolled. Data on sociodemographic factors and dietary supplements were obtained through interviews with their parents. Serum vitamin A concentrations were measured using HPLC. To reduce the sampling error, a weighted distribution was produced to estimate the distribution of serum vitamin A concentration in Chinese children. A new method was used calculate the CI.

The results revealed that 10.4% (23.9 million) (95% CI 10.1%-10.8%) of Chinese children aged 0-14 years were at risk of suffering from subclinical VAD (SVAD) (<0.2 mg/L). Sick children, especially those with recurrent respiratory infections (21.3%, 95% CI 20.5%-22.2%), were vulnerable to SVAD. A high prevalence of SVAD was observed in western and northeastern areas in China. Serum vitamin A concentrations in ethnic minority groups were significantly lower than those in Han Chinese children (p<0.01).

VAD is still a moderate public health problem in Chinese children, especially in those with respiratory symptoms. Ki20227 Regular consumption of vitamin A-rich foods should be promoted through nutrition education for parents.

VAD is still a moderate public health problem in Chinese children, especially in those with respiratory symptoms. Regular consumption of vitamin A-rich foods should be promoted through nutrition education for parents.

To investigate whether the tempo of weight gain of children during infancy (from birth up to two years of age) or childhood (between two and five years old) is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease.

Cluster sampling was employed to obtain a random sample of preschool children. In total, 1450 children aged five to six years participated in this survey. We obtained data on body weight, height, blood pressure (BP), and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and uric acid, as well as anthropometry at birth and at age 2.

The prevalence of obesity at five years old was 14.5%. At five years of age, children with rapid growth (change in body mass index, BMI z-score >0.67) during infancy had a higher odds ratio (OR) of childhood obesity (OR 2.97 [95% CI 2.15-4.11]) compared to children with non-rapid growth (change in BMI z-score ≤0.67). Also, children with rapid growth during childhood had a higher OR of childhood obesity (OR 17.90 [95% CI 12.31-26.04]), higher systolic BP (OR 2.38 [95% CI 1.68-3.39]), higher diastolic BP (OR 2.42 [95% CI 1.53-3.83]), and higher triglycerides (OR 4.09 [95% CI 1.47-11.33]) or hyperuricemia (OR 2.23 [95% CI 1.51-3.29]).

Rapid growth in early childhood is associated with risk factors for both cardiovascular outcomes and metabolic outcomes among preschool children. Developing effective prevention and intervention programs for pre-school children might be important to reduce incidence of long-term metabolic and cardiovascular disease as adults.

Rapid growth in early childhood is associated with risk factors for both cardiovascular outcomes and metabolic outcomes among preschool children. Developing effective prevention and intervention programs for pre-school children might be important to reduce incidence of long-term metabolic and cardiovascular disease as adults.

To examine whether a parenteral mixed lipid emulsion containing fish oil reduces the incidence of cholestasis, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight <1500 g) infants.

This retrospective study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University. Patients received either a soybean and medium-chain oil (MCT)-based lipid emulsion (Lipofundin) or a mixed lipid emulsion consisting of soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil (SMOF) as parenteral nutrition. The primary outcomes were cholestasis, ROP and BPD, and the secondary outcomes were necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis.

A total of 149 premature infants (78 in the soybean oil group and 71 in the fish oil group) were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age was associated with the incidence of ROP [odds ratio 0.446, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.332-0.