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7%) patients had anatomic reduction and 5 (26.3%) patients had imperfect reduction based on Matta radiographic criteria. At 1 year follow-up, we had 16 (84.2%) excellent hips, 2 (10.5%) good hips and 1 (5.3%) poor hip, based on radiographs; and clinically we had 9 (47.4%) hips with excellent function, 7 (36.8%) hips with good outcome, 2 (10.5%) had fair function and 1 (5.3%) patient had poor function.

Our results show that internal fixation of acetabular fractures lead to good outcome in maiority of patients.

Our results show that internal fixation of acetabular fractures lead to good outcome in maiority of patients.

Temporary pace maker (TPM implantation is done mostly in emergency with assistance of fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy has various constrains which may delay the procedure at different occasion. We are going to share our experience in TPM implantation without fluoroscopy from internal jugular vein.

The case series study was conducted in Hayatabad Medical complex Peshawar from January 2011 to November 2011. Internal jugular vein was cannulated with 6 French sheaths in the supra-clavicular region with modified Seldinger technique. TPM wire connected to the TPM device and advanced in the sheath to the right ventricle. Position was confirmed from captured beat on monitor. There was no need of repositioning and lead remains stable.

Total 122 TPM leads were implanted in the study period. All patients were implanted from internal jugular vein. There were 71 male and 51 female patients. Among these patients 55 were in hemodynamically unstable state. The average time of implantation was less than 10 minutes. There was failure in one case. So the overall success rate was 99.180%.

TPM implantation from the internal jugular vein even without fluoroscopy is safe, less time consuming and convenient.

TPM implantation from the internal jugular vein even without fluoroscopy is safe, less time consuming and convenient.

Ovarian carcinoma is the fourth most common malignant disease of women. Types of ovarian carcinoma, including serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and transitional carcinoma, differ from each other with respect to morphology, genetic alterations and in their clinical course. Ovary is a common site for tumour metastases with 5-30% of ovarian cancers metastatic in nature. Differentiating primary from metastatic mucinous ovarian adenocarcinoma is often challenging. We assessed the usefulness of colonoscopy.to sort out this dilemma.

In this case-series with retrospective data collection at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan, demographics, indication for referral, tumour size, laterality, and the immuno-histochemical stains were recorded.

A total of 17 patients were referred to gastroenterology department between March 2009 and March 2012. Mean age of the patients was 36.7 years (range, 16-58 years) and the indication for referral was mucinous pathology. All of these patients had surgery outside hospital; histo greater than 10 cm and were unilateral..

The concept of risk estimation of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is helpful for clinician to identifying high risk populations for their effective treatment. Latest studies recommended only initiating cardioprotective treatment in diabetic patients based on personalized CHD risk estimates so as to reduce undue harm from overly aggressive risk factor modification. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UK PDS) Risk Engine is a widely used tool to assess the risk of Cardio Vascular diseases (CVD) in diabetics. The literature search so far did not reveal any study of risk assessment among Pakistani Diabetics.

This descriptive study is based on the data of 470 type-2 diabetics seen in Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore during 2011. The data of these 470 patients was analyzed through UKPDS Risk Engine. CHD risk was calculated.

The 10 years risk of CHD, fatal CHD, stroke and fatal stroke was 9.4%, 4.4%, 1.7% and 0.2% respectively.

The present study show a lower risk of CVD occurring among Pakistani diabetics as compared to studies from western countries.

The present study show a lower risk of CVD occurring among Pakistani diabetics as compared to studies from western countries.

It has been demonstrated in experimental animal models that oxidative stress causes persistent and chronic hyperglycaemia, causing reduction in antioxidant defence system, ultimately leading to accumulation of free radicals. This study, was performed to observe the effect of melatonin on serum glucose and body weights in streptozotocin induced diabetes in albino rats.

Forty healthy adult male albino rats were included in the study and divided equally into 4 groups for 6 weeks. Group-A was taken as control. Group-B received streptozotocin I/P in a dose of 37 mg/kg body weight. Group-C received 10 mg/100 ml melatonin in drinking water and Group-D received only melatonin.

Streptozotocin significantly increased serum glucose and decreased weight in group B animals, whereas in group C, melatonin significantly restored serum glucose but could not restore the body weights reduced by streptozotocin. There was a significant reduction in body weight in melatonin treated group D animals.

Melatonin decreases oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, but cannot restore the body weight reduced by streptozotocin. In fact, it further reduces body weight both in diabetic and normal state.

Melatonin decreases oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, but cannot restore the body weight reduced by streptozotocin. In fact, it further reduces body weight both in diabetic and normal state.

The position of cephalometric points A and B are liable to be affected by alveolar remodelling caused by orthodontic tooth movement during incisor retraction. This study was conducted to evaluate the change in positions of cephalometric points A and B in sagittal and vertical dimensions due to change in incisor inclinations.

Total sample of 31 subjects were recruited into the study. The inclusion criteria were extraction of premolars in upper and lower arches, completion of growth and orthodontic treatment. The exclusion criteria were patients with craniofacial anomalies and history of orthodontic treatment. By superimposition of pre and post treatment tracings, various linear and angular parameters were measured. Various tests and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine changes in outcome variables. Statistically significant p-value was < or = 0.05.

One-sample t-test showed that change in position of only point A was statistically significant which was 1.61 mm (p<0.01) in sagittal direction and 1.49 mm (p<0.01) in vertical direction. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that if we retrocline upper incisor by 10 degrees, the point A will move superiorly by 0.6 mm.

Total change in the position of point A is in a downward and forward direction. Total Change in upper incisors inclinations causes change in position of point A only in vertical direction.

Total change in the position of point A is in a downward and forward direction. Total Change in upper incisors inclinations causes change in position of point A only in vertical direction.

Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumonia) is an obligate intracellular bacterium and recognized as a risk factor for several diseases such as asthma, atherosclerosis and arthritis. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of C. pneumonia in healthy subjects in different age groups.

The serum levels of anti C. pneumonia IgG were measured by using of ELISA.

Totally, 630 subjects (164 children and 466 adults) were included into study. The seroprevalence and the mean titer of anti C. pneumonia antibody were 11.3% and 14.48?2.18 RU/mL; at age 510 years, 15% and 17.47 +/- 2.40 RU/mL at age 11-20 years, 21% and 25.15 +/- 4.56 RU/mL at age 21-30 years group, 40% and 53.77 +/- 6.40 RU/mL at age 31-40 years, 94% and 146.41 +/- 8.95 RU/mL at age 41-50 years, 98% and 153.59 +/- 10.38 RU/mL at age 51-60 years, 96% and 138.80 +/- 12.78 RU/mL at age 61-70 years, respectively. The differences of the seroprevalence and the mean titer of anti C. pneumonia antibody between age groups were significant (p<0.0001). The sero-prevalence and the mean titer of anti C. pneumonia antibody were 11.6% and 14.33 +/- 1.49 RU/mL in children and 65.5% and 97.40 +/- 4.46 RU/mL in adults. The seroprevalence and the mean titer of anti C. pneumonia antibody were significantly higher in adults in comparison with those in children (p<0.0001).

These findings showed that the sero- prevalence and titer of anti C. pneumonia IgG were increased with advanced ages and were higher in adults as compared to children.

These findings showed that the sero- prevalence and titer of anti C. pneumonia IgG were increased with advanced ages and were higher in adults as compared to children.

Idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (ICNV) is a unilateral ocular disease which occurs in patients younger than 50 years and accounts for approximately 17% of patients with CNV. We evaluated microstructural effects of intravitreal bevacizumab in eyes with treatment-naïve idiopathic choroidal neovascularisation.

In this case series study we reviewed the treatment and follow up records of 40 symptomatic eyes having ICNV, who received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) followed by additional doses based on optical coherence tomography findings, including intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, or pigment epithelial detachment. We analysed the results of best-corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness, neovessels size (thickness and diameter), and disrupted photoreceptor length at baseline and at final visit with paired t-test. selleck compound Difference in best corrected visual acuity was correlated with difference in optical coherence tomography parameters by Pearson’s correlation.

Mean els size has association with visual improvement in idiopathic choroidal neovascularisation.This paper concerns the lost treatise On Demonstration (DD) written by Galen of Pergamum (129 – ca. 215 AD). Its aim is to reconstruct the purpose of this treatise, especially the question of how, in Galen’s view, it was supposed to be useful for doctors. While showing that the methods described in DD were designed to settle disagreements among doctors, the paper argues that the choice of topics discussed there was partly determined by Galen’s worry about a mode of reasoning, exemplified by scepticism, that leads people into believing that plain phenomena, such as those on which both medical practice and theory are based, do not exist.Attitudes towards diagrammatic reasoning and visualization in mathematics were seldom spelled out in texts from pre-modern China, although illustrations figure prominently in mathematical literature since the eleventh century. Taking the sums of finite series and their combinatorial interpretation as a case study, this article investigates the epistemological function of illustrations from the eleventh to the nineteenth century that encode either the mathematical objects themselves or represent their related algorithms. It particularly focuses on the two illustrations given in Wang Lai’s (1768-1813) Mathematical Principles of Sequential Combinations, arguing that they reflect a specific mode of nineteenth-century mathematical argumentative practice and served as a heuristic model for later authors.