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slocations. Conservative treatment should be recommended for patients with RW type III ACJ dislocations, due to shorter duration of treatment with good clinical results but lacking operative risks. In patients with RW type IV ACJ dislocations, surgical treatment is recommended because of superior clinical and radiological results.

Level III.

Level III.

This study aims to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of a modified technique of Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty (KA TKA) using a cruciate sacrificing (CS) medially stabilised prosthesis at a minimum 24-months follow-up.

59 patients with a varus HKA angle who underwent a TKA from May, 2016 to April, 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. Radiological and clinical evaluations were assessed after 40days, 6months and at a minimum follow-up of 24months. Long leg standing X-rays were performed pre-operatively and the Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA) angle, the mechanical Lateral Distal Femoral Angle (mLDFA), the mechanical Medial Proximal Tibial Angle (mMPTA) and the Knee Joint Line Obliquity Angle (KJLOA) were analysed. At a minimum follow-up of 24months, the patients were evaluated subjectively based on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Score (WOMAC) and the Oxford Knee Score (OKS). The post-operative range of motion (ROM) was measured. To reduce flexion instability, an original technique was used, with more posterior positioning of the femoral component, called the “virtuous mistake”. Results were compared to the data reported in the literature in patients treated with standard kinematic alignment (KA) technique.

No difference was found between the mean pre-operative and post-operative angles regarding mLDFA (p value = 0.410) and mMTPA (p value = 0.242). A difference of 0.8° in HKA angle between males and females was found, with more varus results in males. At a minimum follow-up of 24months, the WOMAC was 87 (SD 4.3), the OKS was 41 (SD 2.4), and the flexion was 124°, which was similar to the data reported in literature with standard KA. There were not any cases of aseptic failures.

The modified KA TKA surgical technique proposed in this study can achieve good clinical results at minimum 24months of follow-up, reproducing accurately native mLDFA and mMPTA.

Level III, therapeutic study.

Level III, therapeutic study.

To propose and test the reliability of a radiographic classification system for adult idiopathic scoliosis.

A three-component radiographic classification for adult idiopathic scoliosis consisting of curve type, a lumbosacral modifier, and a global alignment modifier is presented. Twelve spine surgeons graded 30 pre-marked cases twice, approximately 1week apart. Case order was randomized between sessions.

The interrater reliability (Fleiss’ kappa coefficient) for curve type was 0.660 and 0.798, for the lumbosacral modifier 0.944 and 0.965, and for the global alignment modifier 0.922 and 0.916, for round 1 and 2 respectively. Mean intrarater reliability was 0.807.

This new radiographic classification of adult idiopathic scoliosis maintains the curve types from the Lenke classification and introduces the lumbosacral and global alignment modifiers. The reliability of the lumbosacral modifier and global alignment modifier shows near perfect agreement, and sets the foundation for further studies to validate the reliability, utility, and applicability of this classification system.

This new radiographic classification of adult idiopathic scoliosis maintains the curve types from the Lenke classification and introduces the lumbosacral and global alignment modifiers. The reliability of the lumbosacral modifier and global alignment modifier shows near perfect agreement, and sets the foundation for further studies to validate the reliability, utility, and applicability of this classification system.Forensic expert testimony is beginning to reflect the uncertain nature of forensic science. Many academics and forensic practitioners suggest that forensic disciplines ought to adopt a likelihood ratio approach, but this approach fails to communicate the possibility of false positive errors, such as contamination or mislabeling of samples. In two preregistered experiments (N1 = 591, N2 = 584), we investigated whether participants would be convinced by a strong DNA likelihood ratio (5,500 in Experiment 1 and 5,500,000 in Experiment 2) in the presence of varying alibi strengths. Those who received a likelihood ratio often concluded that the suspect was the source of the DNA evidence and guilty of the crime compared with those who did not receive a likelihood ratio-but they also tended to conclude that an error may have occurred during DNA analysis. Furthermore, as the strength of the suspect’s alibi increased, people were less likely to regard the suspect as the source of the evidence or guilty of the crime, and were more likely to conclude that an error may have occurred during DNA analysis. However, people who received a likelihood ratio were actually more sensitive to the strength of the suspect’s alibi than those who did not, driven largely by the low ratings in the strongest alibi. Interestingly, the same pattern of results held across both experiments despite the likelihood ratio increasing by two orders of magnitude, revealing that people are not sensitive to the value of the likelihood ratio.Physical interactions between objects, or between an object and the ground, are amongst the most biologically relevant for live beings. Prior knowledge of Newtonian physics may play a role in disambiguating an object’s movement as well as foveation by increasing the spatial resolution of the visual input. Observers were shown a virtual 3D scene, representing an ambiguously rotating ball translating on the ground. The ball was perceived as rotating congruently with friction, but only when gaze was located at the point of contact. Poly-D-lysine in vitro Inverting or even removing the visual context had little influence on congruent judgements compared with the effect of gaze. Counterintuitively, gaze at the point of contact determines the solution of perceptual ambiguity, but independently of visual context. We suggest this constitutes a frugal strategy, by which the brain infers dynamics locally when faced with a foveated input that is ambiguous.